The Cortica Innovation Network (CIN) is our team of researchers and physicians who conduct and support clinical neuroscience research. Their work deepens our understanding of autism and other neurodevelopmental differences, and it keeps our Whole Child model up to date with the latest breakthroughs in therapy and medical care.
\nOur research hubs are Cortica Marin in Northern California and Cortica Glendale in Southern California.
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\nWho can take part:
\nWhat is involved: 11 visits over 5 months, 5 at Cortica Marin or Cortica Glendale and 6 by telehealth. There is no cost to participate, families receive $100 for each on-site visit, and travel support is available for families outside California.
"}]},"icon":null,"image":null},{"id":"6784f519-56ca-5bfb-83b2-31e9c5fe2c70","title":"Autism and Irritability Study","anchor":"autism-irritability-study","subTitle":"The Starfish Study","callsToAction":[{"id":"12b060e3-4ab9-5a7b-84bc-c180a7210865","accessibilityLabel":null,"showArrow":"Yes","buttonSize":"Small","buttonStyle":"Solid Green","path":"/research/autism-irritability-study","text":"See Study Details"},{"id":"635a3893-2762-584d-b9d5-b462bf8e6524","accessibilityLabel":null,"showArrow":"No","buttonSize":"Small","buttonStyle":"Outline Green","path":"/research/asd-and-irritability-study-interest-form","text":"Fill Out Interest Form"}],"text":{"childrenMarkdownRemark":[{"html":"This Phase 3 study examines whether KarXT + KarX-EC, an investigational medication, can reduce irritability, such as aggression, meltdowns and self-injury, in children and teens with autism.
\nWho can take part:
\nWhat is involved: 14 visits over up to 15 weeks, 9 at Cortica Marin or Cortica Glendale and 5 by phone. There is no cost to participate, families receive $300 for each on-site visit and $50 for each phone visit, and travel support is available for families outside the area.
"}]},"icon":null,"image":null}],"callsToAction":null},{"__typename":"ContentfulSectionCardGridV2","id":"fd9f0c27-20a9-5689-b492-cde88f614017","title":"Our mission","showMoreOnPhones":true,"text":{"text":"The Cortica Innovation Network works to deepen understanding of the causes of autism and neurodevelopmental differences, to improve how we measure cognitive and behavioral abilities over time, and to help discover safer, more effective treatments for children and adults. Here is how we do research."},"callsToAction":null,"gridItems":[{"id":"9d769006-013b-5a55-8767-1b7b456ca488","linkUrl":null,"title":"Accessibility","text":{"text":"Studies in clinic, at home and remotely, skilled in-house phlebotomists (blood draw specialists) who make lab visits less stressful, and fair financial support for participants."}},{"id":"d3759b54-6794-5a00-bc7b-21858d47fb36","linkUrl":null,"title":"Inclusivity","text":{"text":"Broad outreach, so that age, spoken language ability, cognitive ability, income and gender identity are never barriers to taking part."}},{"id":"dc3335c9-cf12-5057-8727-a76d19cd3e41","linkUrl":null,"title":"Quality","text":{"text":"The highest standards for recruitment, data collection and data analysis, in partnership with our participants and research partners."}},{"id":"dd23f251-85eb-598f-b306-986ebf1ca789","linkUrl":null,"title":"Community","text":{"text":"Drawing on the talents of the Cortica community and the wider neurodiversity community in pursuit of our mission."}}]},{"__typename":"ContentfulOrderedList","id":"ab1fbe4a-e739-5f56-bf59-2d4f81631386","title":"Our principal investigators","type":"Staff Members","displayStyle":"Featured Cards","headlineOrdered":null,"items":[{"__typename":"ContentfulStaffMember","id":"198e2a48-fbd8-57ea-81af-3d2fd18c8405","department":"Leadership","name":"Kevin Shapiro, MD, PhD","role":"Co-Director, Cortica Innovation Network","slug":"kevin-shapiro","picture":{"title":"Kevin Shapiro","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/67wivm6jm6qo/5wQvQ9pnMy6qY5XQ1M4x7x/596d60b6976dee775e8812cd76c453d9/kshapiro.jpg"},"fluid":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/67wivm6jm6qo/5wQvQ9pnMy6qY5XQ1M4x7x/596d60b6976dee775e8812cd76c453d9/kshapiro.jpg?w=800&q=50"}},"shortBio":{"shortBio":"A Harvard-trained pediatric neurologist and cognitive neuroscientist, Dr. Shapiro studies how learning and brain structure shape speech and language development. He is one of only a handful of board-certified pediatric stroke neurologists in the United States."},"profilePage":null,"email":null,"phone":null,"details":{"json":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Kevin Shapiro, MD, PhD, a renowned expert in cognitive neuroscience, is Executive Director of Research and Therapeutic Technologies at Cortica. Dr. Shapiro uses his expertise to identify and address the underlying causes that may impact a child’s development.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Dr. Shapiro has dedicated his career to better understand brain development in children with neurodevelopmental differences. With subspecialty training in vascular neurology, Dr. Shapiro is one of only a handful of board-certified pediatric stroke neurologists in the United States.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"An accomplished researcher, Dr. Shapiro’s interests are focused on understanding how learning and the structure of the brain are related to the development of speech and language. He also studies how early brain injuries affect development. His research has been published extensively in leading neuroscience journals and books. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Dr. Shapiro had the pleasure of pursuing his lifelong passion for learning in Cambridge, Massachusetts, earning his Bachelor of Arts, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Medicine degrees from Harvard University. He completed a residency in pediatrics at Boston Children’s Hospital, and another in child neurology in the combined program of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Dr. Shapiro then headed to the West Coast for fellowship training in stroke and went on to serve on the faculty at the University of California in San Francisco, where he also directed the Pediatric Language Clinic.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In his free time, Dr. Shapiro volunteers at non-profit organizations dedicated to teaching medical professionals and providing medical care to patients in underserved areas around the world.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Dr. Shapiro is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, the American Academy of Neurology, and the Child Neurology Society, among others. He is a diplomate of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and holds certification in both child neurology and vascular neurology.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"List of Peer-Reviewed Publications:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"1. Felling, R. J., Jordan, L. C., Mrakotsky, C., deVeber, G., Peterson, R. K., Mineyko, A., Feldman, S. J., ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro, K.,","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Lo, W., & Beslow, L. A. (2023). Roadmap for the Assessment and Management of Outcomes in Pediatric Stroke. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Pediatric Neurology,","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" S0887899423000085. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.008"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.008","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"2. Mrakotsky, C., Williams, T. S., ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro, K. A.","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", & Westmacott, R. (2022). Rehabilitation in Pediatric Stroke: Cognition and Behavior. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Seminars in Pediatric Neurology","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", 100998. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2022.100998"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2022.100998","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"3. Castilla-Valmanya L, Selmer KK, Dimartino C, et al. Phenotypic spectrum and transcriptomic profile associated with germline variants in ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"TRAF7. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Genet Med 2020 Jul;22(7):1215-1226. PMID: 32376980 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"4. Felling RJ, Rafay MF, Bernard TJ, Carpenter JL, Dlamini N, Hassanein SMA, Jordan LC, Noetzel MJ, Rivkin MJ, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Slim M, deVeber G. Predicting recovery and outcome after pediatric stroke: results from the International Pediatric Stroke Study. Ann Neurol 2020 Mar 25. PMID: 32215969 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"5. Rafay MF, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Surmava AM, deVeber GA, Kirton A, Fullerton HJ, Amlie-Lefond C, Weschke B, Dlamini N, Carpenter JL, Mackay ML, Rivkin M, Linds A, Bernard TJ. Spectrum of cerebral arteriopathies in children with arterial ischemic stroke. Neurology 2020 Jun 9;94(23). PMID:32457211 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"6. Buranahirun C, Walsh KS, Mrakotsky C, Croteau SE, Rajpurkar M, Kearney S, Hannemann C, Wilkening GN, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Cooper DL. Neuropsychological function in children with hemophilia: A review of the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study and introduction of the current eTHINK study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019 Oct 8:e28004. PMID: 31595670 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"7. Giudice C, Rogers EE, Johnson BC, Glass HC, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". Neuroanatomical correlates of sensory processing deficits in children with neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. Developmental Medicine Child Neurology 2019 Jun;61(6)667-671. PMID: 28924555 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"8. Johnston SC, Easton JD, Farrant M, et al. Clopidogrel and aspirin in acute ischemic stroke and high-risk TIA. N Engl J Med 2018 Jul 19;379(3):215-255. PMID: 29766750 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"9. Caverzasi E, Mandelli ML, Hoeft F, Watson C, Meyer M, Allen IE, Papinutto N, Wang C, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM, Marco EJ, Mukherjee P, Miller ZA, Miller BL, Hendren R, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Gorno-Tempini ML. Abnormal age-related cortical folding and neurite morphology in children with developmental dyslexia. NeuroImage: Clinical 2018 Mar 14; 18:814-821. PMID: 29876267 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"10. Sturm VE, Datta S, Sible IJ, Holley SR, Watson C, Rah E, Meyer M, Pakvasa M, Mandelli ML, Caverzasi E, Miller ZA, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Hoeft F, Hendren R, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML. Enhanced visceromotor emotional reactivity in dyslexia and its relation to intrinsic salience network connectivity. Cortex 2021 Jan;134:278-295. PMID: 33316603. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"11. Beber B, Mandelli ML, Santos MA, Binney R, Miller B, Chaves M, Gorno-Tempini ML, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro K","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". A behavioral study of the nature of verb-noun dissociation in the nonfluent variant of primary progressive aphasia. Aphasiology 2019; 33(2):200-215. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"12. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Kim H, Mandelli ML, Rogers EE, Gano D, Ferriero DM, Barkovich AJ, Gorno-Tempini ML, Glass HC, Xu D. Early changes in brain structure predict language outcome in children with neonatal encephalopathy. NeuroImage: Clinical 2017 15:572-580. PMID: 28924555","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"13. Papinutto N, Galantucci S, Mandelli ML, Gesierich B, Jovicich J, Caverzasi E, Henry RG, Seeley WW, Miller BL, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Gorno-Tempini ML. Structural connectivity of the human anterior temporal lobe: A diffusion magnetic resonance imaging study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2016 Jun; 37(6):2210-22. PMID: 26945805 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"14. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", McGuone D, Deshpande V, Sadow PM, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Staley KJ. Failure to detect human papillomavirus in focal cortical dysplasia type IIb. Ann Neurol. 2015 Jul; 78(1):63-7. PMID: 25893423 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"15. Pisano T, Numis AL, Heavin SB, Weckhuysen S, Angriman M, Suls A, Podesta B, Thibert RL,","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":" Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Guerrini R, Scheffer IE, Marini C, Cilio MR. Early and effective treatment of KCNQ2 encephalopathy. Epilepsia. 2015 May; 56(5):685-91. PMID: 25880994 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"16. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Bové RM, Volpicelli ER, Mallery RM, Stone JH. Relapsing course of immunoglobulin G4-related pachymeningitis. Neurology. 2012 Aug 7; 79(6):604-6. PMID: 22843267 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"}}},{"__typename":"ContentfulStaffMember","id":"4a1a2bba-4383-5e38-85ef-ba0099bab24d","department":"Leadership","name":"Elysa Marco, MD","role":"Co-Director, Cortica Innovation Network","slug":"elysa-marco","picture":{"title":"Elysa Marco","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/67wivm6jm6qo/47uwyTfsT2XosUVrp15aOk/e30498c99fa41777f96c87f5f6e45d03/Picture1.png"},"fluid":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/67wivm6jm6qo/47uwyTfsT2XosUVrp15aOk/e30498c99fa41777f96c87f5f6e45d03/Picture1.png?w=800&q=50"}},"shortBio":{"shortBio":"A cognitive and behavioral pediatric neurologist, Dr. Marco studies the genetics, brain anatomy and treatment of children with sensory processing differences, autism and other neurodevelopmental conditions. She has written more than 40 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters."},"profilePage":null,"email":null,"phone":null,"details":{"json":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Elysa Marco, MD is a board-certified cognitive and behavioral pediatric neurologist, neuroscience researcher, and author. She specializes in the evaluation and treatment of children with sensory processing disorder, autism, and other neurodevelopmental conditions at Cortica in San Rafael, California. Dr. Marco's research has focused on the genetics, brain anatomy, and treatment of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Over her career, she has authored more than 40 peer-review scientific articles and book chapters. Dr. Marco is an internationally recognized expert in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders and has been honored to speak at autism conferences, sensory symposiums, physician educational events, and parent support meetings.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Born and raised in Miami, Florida, Dr. Marco earned her bachelor of arts degree in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania. She received her medical degree from the University of California, San Francisco. She held appointments as the director of the Sensory Neurodevelopment and Autism Program (SNAP) as well as the associated head of the Developmental Medicine Program. While at the University of California, Dr. Marco led a clinical research program that integrated the work of neurologists, psychologists, neuroimaging experts, radiologists, and video game designers. Her clinic and research continues at Cortica. 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","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"}}}]},{"__typename":"ContentfulOrderedList","id":"e6ceeca7-2ba1-5b5c-a57d-2808730ee563","title":"Meet our research team","type":"Staff Members","displayStyle":"Card Grid","headlineOrdered":null,"items":[{"__typename":"ContentfulStaffMember","id":"198e2a48-fbd8-57ea-81af-3d2fd18c8405","department":"Leadership","name":"Kevin Shapiro, MD, PhD","role":"Co-Director, Cortica Innovation Network","slug":"kevin-shapiro","picture":{"title":"Kevin Shapiro","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/67wivm6jm6qo/5wQvQ9pnMy6qY5XQ1M4x7x/596d60b6976dee775e8812cd76c453d9/kshapiro.jpg"},"fluid":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/67wivm6jm6qo/5wQvQ9pnMy6qY5XQ1M4x7x/596d60b6976dee775e8812cd76c453d9/kshapiro.jpg?w=800&q=50"}},"shortBio":{"shortBio":"A Harvard-trained pediatric neurologist and cognitive neuroscientist, Dr. Shapiro studies how learning and brain structure shape speech and language development. He is one of only a handful of board-certified pediatric stroke neurologists in the United States."},"profilePage":null,"email":null,"phone":null,"details":{"json":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Kevin Shapiro, MD, PhD, a renowned expert in cognitive neuroscience, is Executive Director of Research and Therapeutic Technologies at Cortica. Dr. Shapiro uses his expertise to identify and address the underlying causes that may impact a child’s development.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Dr. Shapiro has dedicated his career to better understand brain development in children with neurodevelopmental differences. With subspecialty training in vascular neurology, Dr. Shapiro is one of only a handful of board-certified pediatric stroke neurologists in the United States.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"An accomplished researcher, Dr. Shapiro’s interests are focused on understanding how learning and the structure of the brain are related to the development of speech and language. He also studies how early brain injuries affect development. His research has been published extensively in leading neuroscience journals and books. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Dr. Shapiro had the pleasure of pursuing his lifelong passion for learning in Cambridge, Massachusetts, earning his Bachelor of Arts, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Medicine degrees from Harvard University. He completed a residency in pediatrics at Boston Children’s Hospital, and another in child neurology in the combined program of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Dr. Shapiro then headed to the West Coast for fellowship training in stroke and went on to serve on the faculty at the University of California in San Francisco, where he also directed the Pediatric Language Clinic.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In his free time, Dr. Shapiro volunteers at non-profit organizations dedicated to teaching medical professionals and providing medical care to patients in underserved areas around the world.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Dr. Shapiro is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, the American Academy of Neurology, and the Child Neurology Society, among others. He is a diplomate of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and holds certification in both child neurology and vascular neurology.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"List of Peer-Reviewed Publications:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-3"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"1. Felling, R. J., Jordan, L. C., Mrakotsky, C., deVeber, G., Peterson, R. K., Mineyko, A., Feldman, S. J., ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro, K.,","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Lo, W., & Beslow, L. A. (2023). Roadmap for the Assessment and Management of Outcomes in Pediatric Stroke. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Pediatric Neurology,","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" S0887899423000085. 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","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2022.100998"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2022.100998","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"3. Castilla-Valmanya L, Selmer KK, Dimartino C, et al. Phenotypic spectrum and transcriptomic profile associated with germline variants in ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"TRAF7. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Genet Med 2020 Jul;22(7):1215-1226. PMID: 32376980 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"4. Felling RJ, Rafay MF, Bernard TJ, Carpenter JL, Dlamini N, Hassanein SMA, Jordan LC, Noetzel MJ, Rivkin MJ, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Slim M, deVeber G. Predicting recovery and outcome after pediatric stroke: results from the International Pediatric Stroke Study. Ann Neurol 2020 Mar 25. PMID: 32215969 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"5. Rafay MF, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Surmava AM, deVeber GA, Kirton A, Fullerton HJ, Amlie-Lefond C, Weschke B, Dlamini N, Carpenter JL, Mackay ML, Rivkin M, Linds A, Bernard TJ. Spectrum of cerebral arteriopathies in children with arterial ischemic stroke. Neurology 2020 Jun 9;94(23). PMID:32457211 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"6. Buranahirun C, Walsh KS, Mrakotsky C, Croteau SE, Rajpurkar M, Kearney S, Hannemann C, Wilkening GN, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Cooper DL. Neuropsychological function in children with hemophilia: A review of the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study and introduction of the current eTHINK study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019 Oct 8:e28004. PMID: 31595670 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"7. Giudice C, Rogers EE, Johnson BC, Glass HC, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". Neuroanatomical correlates of sensory processing deficits in children with neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. Developmental Medicine Child Neurology 2019 Jun;61(6)667-671. PMID: 28924555 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"8. Johnston SC, Easton JD, Farrant M, et al. Clopidogrel and aspirin in acute ischemic stroke and high-risk TIA. N Engl J Med 2018 Jul 19;379(3):215-255. PMID: 29766750 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"9. Caverzasi E, Mandelli ML, Hoeft F, Watson C, Meyer M, Allen IE, Papinutto N, Wang C, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM, Marco EJ, Mukherjee P, Miller ZA, Miller BL, Hendren R, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Gorno-Tempini ML. Abnormal age-related cortical folding and neurite morphology in children with developmental dyslexia. NeuroImage: Clinical 2018 Mar 14; 18:814-821. PMID: 29876267 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"10. Sturm VE, Datta S, Sible IJ, Holley SR, Watson C, Rah E, Meyer M, Pakvasa M, Mandelli ML, Caverzasi E, Miller ZA, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Hoeft F, Hendren R, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML. Enhanced visceromotor emotional reactivity in dyslexia and its relation to intrinsic salience network connectivity. Cortex 2021 Jan;134:278-295. PMID: 33316603. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"11. Beber B, Mandelli ML, Santos MA, Binney R, Miller B, Chaves M, Gorno-Tempini ML, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro K","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". A behavioral study of the nature of verb-noun dissociation in the nonfluent variant of primary progressive aphasia. Aphasiology 2019; 33(2):200-215. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"12. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Kim H, Mandelli ML, Rogers EE, Gano D, Ferriero DM, Barkovich AJ, Gorno-Tempini ML, Glass HC, Xu D. Early changes in brain structure predict language outcome in children with neonatal encephalopathy. NeuroImage: Clinical 2017 15:572-580. PMID: 28924555","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"13. Papinutto N, Galantucci S, Mandelli ML, Gesierich B, Jovicich J, Caverzasi E, Henry RG, Seeley WW, Miller BL, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Gorno-Tempini ML. Structural connectivity of the human anterior temporal lobe: A diffusion magnetic resonance imaging study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2016 Jun; 37(6):2210-22. PMID: 26945805 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"14. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", McGuone D, Deshpande V, Sadow PM, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Staley KJ. Failure to detect human papillomavirus in focal cortical dysplasia type IIb. Ann Neurol. 2015 Jul; 78(1):63-7. PMID: 25893423 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"15. Pisano T, Numis AL, Heavin SB, Weckhuysen S, Angriman M, Suls A, Podesta B, Thibert RL,","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":" Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Guerrini R, Scheffer IE, Marini C, Cilio MR. Early and effective treatment of KCNQ2 encephalopathy. Epilepsia. 2015 May; 56(5):685-91. PMID: 25880994 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"16. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Shapiro KA","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", Bové RM, Volpicelli ER, Mallery RM, Stone JH. Relapsing course of immunoglobulin G4-related pachymeningitis. Neurology. 2012 Aug 7; 79(6):604-6. PMID: 22843267 ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"}}},{"__typename":"ContentfulStaffMember","id":"4a1a2bba-4383-5e38-85ef-ba0099bab24d","department":"Leadership","name":"Elysa Marco, MD","role":"Co-Director, Cortica Innovation Network","slug":"elysa-marco","picture":{"title":"Elysa Marco","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/67wivm6jm6qo/47uwyTfsT2XosUVrp15aOk/e30498c99fa41777f96c87f5f6e45d03/Picture1.png"},"fluid":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/67wivm6jm6qo/47uwyTfsT2XosUVrp15aOk/e30498c99fa41777f96c87f5f6e45d03/Picture1.png?w=800&q=50"}},"shortBio":{"shortBio":"A cognitive and behavioral pediatric neurologist, Dr. Marco studies the genetics, brain anatomy and treatment of children with sensory processing differences, autism and other neurodevelopmental conditions. She has written more than 40 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters."},"profilePage":null,"email":null,"phone":null,"details":{"json":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Elysa Marco, MD is a board-certified cognitive and behavioral pediatric neurologist, neuroscience researcher, and author. She specializes in the evaluation and treatment of children with sensory processing disorder, autism, and other neurodevelopmental conditions at Cortica in San Rafael, California. Dr. Marco's research has focused on the genetics, brain anatomy, and treatment of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Over her career, she has authored more than 40 peer-review scientific articles and book chapters. Dr. Marco is an internationally recognized expert in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders and has been honored to speak at autism conferences, sensory symposiums, physician educational events, and parent support meetings.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Born and raised in Miami, Florida, Dr. Marco earned her bachelor of arts degree in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania. She received her medical degree from the University of California, San Francisco. She held appointments as the director of the Sensory Neurodevelopment and Autism Program (SNAP) as well as the associated head of the Developmental Medicine Program. While at the University of California, Dr. Marco led a clinical research program that integrated the work of neurologists, psychologists, neuroimaging experts, radiologists, and video game designers. Her clinic and research continues at Cortica. 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She is a frequent speaker for parent advocacy organizations, including TACA and AutismOne. She has taught undergraduate and graduate students at Harvard University, Columbia University, and the University of California, San Francisco.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Author","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"In 2024, she published the book ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.corticacare.com/magnificent-minds"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Magnificent Minds","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":". Demystifying a wide range of diagnostics and therapies and offering new insights into the neurological, biochemical, behavioral, and social factors that play a role in successful outcomes, the book is an essential resource for understanding ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"all","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" of autism—a strengths-based approach that helps parents design a comprehensive treatment plan. It is also a celebration of what each autistic person brings to the world—and how parents can best nurture the remarkable uniqueness of their child while setting them up for the future they envision.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Creator of the Cortica Care Model","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"The Cortica Care Model is the culmination of Dr. Goh's research experience and clinical practice. 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\nCortica is one of the few autism care organizations with outcomes published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, reflecting our commitment to evidence-based, transparent care.
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1060w,\n//images.ctfassets.net/67wivm6jm6qo/5rBIWFuZrBzhYm2E1K3gn3/49739017891d0d202c73ca32d985c6c1/Comparison_chart_mobile.png?w=1152&h=1152&q=90&fm=webp 1152w","sizes":"(max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px"}},"mobileText":{"childrenMarkdownRemark":[{"html":"65% of children at Cortica improved across multiple areas of development—far surpassing outcomes from typical community programs.
"}]}},{"__typename":"ContentfulSectionTestimonials","id":"bb4248aa-41b2-5911-bbe5-fad2608e5d6d","name":"Research: Latest CIN research","displayStyle":"Research Studies","intro":{"title":{"id":"2e54fd51-457b-5f48-861f-64612ce147f2","text":{"json":{"nodeType":"document","content":[{"nodeType":"heading-2","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Explore our research","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}}},"text":{"json":{"nodeType":"document","content":[{"nodeType":"paragraph","content":[{"nodeType":"text","value":"Our researchers publish in leading scientific journals, often with partners at universities and research centers. Here are some of the latest studies from the Cortica Innovation Network team.","marks":[],"data":{}}],"data":{}}],"data":{}}}},"cards":[{"id":"c59b9412-0225-5479-99fe-f432f0748f67","name":"Adaptive Behavior Change in Autism: Outcomes from a Comprehensive, Interdisciplinary Clinical Care Cohort","image":null,"quote":{"quote":"**Adaptive Behavior Change in Autism: Outcomes from a Comprehensive, Interdisciplinary Clinical Care Cohort**\n\nChildren in Cortica's doctor-led, whole child care gained everyday living skills faster than a matched group of children in community care, across communication, daily living and social skills.\n\n[Read the Study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42188337/)","childMarkdownRemark":{"html":"Adaptive Behavior Change in Autism: Outcomes from a Comprehensive, Interdisciplinary Clinical Care Cohort
\nChildren in Cortica's doctor-led, whole child care gained everyday living skills faster than a matched group of children in community care, across communication, daily living and social skills.
\n"}},"quoteAttribution":"Olvany K, Aitken A, Marco EJ, Hattangadi N, Shapiro KA. J Pers Med. 2026;16(5):242.","statistics":null},{"id":"25362222-8b07-5df9-be8a-4e9fbfc91712","name":"Predictive Modeling of Adaptive Behavior Trajectories in Autism: Insights from a Clinical Cohort Study","image":null,"quote":{"quote":"**Predictive Modeling of Adaptive Behavior Trajectories in Autism: Insights from a Clinical Cohort Study**\n\nUsing data from 1,225 autistic children, the team built a model that predicted each child's path of progress with 77% accuracy from information gathered at intake. More therapy hours alone did not predict greater improvement.\n\n[Read the Study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41073410/)","childMarkdownRemark":{"html":"Predictive Modeling of Adaptive Behavior Trajectories in Autism: Insights from a Clinical Cohort Study
\nUsing data from 1,225 autistic children, the team built a model that predicted each child's path of progress with 77% accuracy from information gathered at intake. More therapy hours alone did not predict greater improvement.
\n"}},"quoteAttribution":"Aitken A, Lazerwitz MC, Eash A, Hattangadi N, Mukherjee P, Marco EJ, Shapiro KA. Transl Psychiatry. 2025;15(1):398.","statistics":null},{"id":"04b652e5-83de-5332-bdfe-478aa47aba63","name":"Pimavanserin for Irritability in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Phase 2 Randomized Trial","image":null,"quote":{"quote":"**Pimavanserin for Irritability in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Phase 2 Randomized Trial**\n\nCortica helped lead enrollment in this trial of more than 200 children and teens. The medication was well tolerated but did not ease irritability more than a placebo, a clear answer that helps guide future research.\n\n[Read the Study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42162607/)","childMarkdownRemark":{"html":"Pimavanserin for Irritability in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Phase 2 Randomized Trial
\nCortica helped lead enrollment in this trial of more than 200 children and teens. The medication was well tolerated but did not ease irritability more than a placebo, a clear answer that helps guide future research.
\n"}},"quoteAttribution":"Bugarski-Kirola D, Hofbauer RK, Sameljak S, Marco EJ, et al. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2026.","statistics":null},{"id":"9f7f3c0a-78f4-540d-a8ab-961553252adb","name":"Sensory Reactivity in Autism: Integrating Behavioural, Affective, Physiological, and Neural Dimensions","image":null,"quote":{"quote":"**Sensory Reactivity in Autism: Integrating Behavioural, Affective, Physiological, and Neural Dimensions**\n\nThis review brings together recent research on how autistic people experience sensory input. Sensory over-reactivity was linked to anxiety, while sensory seeking may be a way to self-regulate.\n\n[Read the Study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42262640/)","childMarkdownRemark":{"html":"Sensory Reactivity in Autism: Integrating Behavioural, Affective, Physiological, and Neural Dimensions
\nThis review brings together recent research on how autistic people experience sensory input. Sensory over-reactivity was linked to anxiety, while sensory seeking may be a way to self-regulate.
\n"}},"quoteAttribution":"Tavassoli T, Marco EJ, Puts N. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2026;28(1):36.","statistics":null},{"id":"b6057c03-d6ce-5e36-b5d9-ed098919553c","name":"MEG Resting State Alpha and Beta Band Functional Connectivity in Male Children with Autism and Sensory Processing Dysfunction","image":null,"quote":{"quote":"**MEG Resting State Alpha and Beta Band Functional Connectivity in Male Children with Autism and Sensory Processing Dysfunction**\n\nBrain recordings showed that children with autism and children with sensory processing differences each have their own patterns of brain connectivity. These patterns could one day help tell the two apart.\n\n[Read the Study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42546771/)","childMarkdownRemark":{"html":"MEG Resting State Alpha and Beta Band Functional Connectivity in Male Children with Autism and Sensory Processing Dysfunction
\nBrain recordings showed that children with autism and children with sensory processing differences each have their own patterns of brain connectivity. These patterns could one day help tell the two apart.
\n"}},"quoteAttribution":"Demopoulos C, Jesson X, Gerdes MR, Jurigova BG, et al. J Neural Eng. 2026;23(4):046068.","statistics":null}],"callToActionButton":{"id":"2fe1d54a-ad92-57f7-a4ea-d03c23918ae2","accessibilityLabel":null,"showArrow":"Yes","buttonSize":"Small","buttonStyle":"Outline Blue","path":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cortica%5Bad%5D+AND+(Shapiro+KA%5Bau%5D+OR+Marco+EJ%5Bau%5D+OR+Goh+S%5Bau%5D)&sort=date","text":"Explore Publications"}},{"__typename":"ContentfulSectionLinkGridV2","id":"c8b92756-7ff7-5eb2-bb7c-4a9e8c1bb5cc","title":null,"linkSubTitle":"Learn more about our work","text":null,"links":[{"id":"bc348a69-db8b-50fc-bf43-d075f75dd55c","title":"Previous studies","link":"/research/previous-studies"},{"id":"f93409ef-cef9-5097-be3c-b15fa27e9163","title":"Clinical outcomes studies","link":"/care-notes/cortica-clinical-outcomes-studies"},{"id":"819358c7-a5fa-5ba0-9903-fe0cd3a2e7a4","title":"Research informing our model","link":"/care-notes/important-research-studies-on-autism"}]},{"__typename":"ContentfulSectionAccordionV2","id":"f6bd8786-1618-5e4e-9125-4405b5a9e7a4","heading":"Common questions about Cortica research","accordionItems":[{"id":"379a7071-a173-5190-a01f-1911c1b1fe40","accordionHeading":"What research studies is Cortica enrolling for right now?","content":{"childrenMarkdownRemark":[{"html":"Cortica is enrolling for two studies. The Koala study is testing NNZ-2591, an investigational medication, in children ages 3 to 12 years with Phelan McDermid syndrome. The Starfish study is testing KarXT + KarX-EC, an investigational medication for irritability in autism, and is currently enrolling teens ages 13 to 17 years. Both studies take place at Cortica Marin and Cortica Glendale. Fill out our Research Interest Form and our team will contact you when a study may be a fit.
"}]}},{"id":"8697711b-979b-5634-bcdd-d8199b605936","accordionHeading":"What conditions does Cortica research?","content":{"childrenMarkdownRemark":[{"html":"Our research focuses on autism and other neurodevelopmental differences. Cortica sites have taken part in studies for autism (including irritability and social communication), ADHD, Tourette syndrome and tics, Fragile X syndrome, Phelan McDermid syndrome and sensory processing differences. See our previous studies.
"}]}},{"id":"01a2a2cc-4566-5816-86b0-01848bb6db7c","accordionHeading":"Who leads research at Cortica?","content":{"childrenMarkdownRemark":[{"html":"The Cortica Innovation Network is co-directed by pediatric neurologists Kevin Shapiro, MD, PhD, and Elysa Marco, MD, who serve as principal investigators. They work with a team of research coordinators, phlebotomists and Cortica physicians.
"}]}},{"id":"38cbd633-22d1-5e3b-9c55-9722510077a7","accordionHeading":"Where does Cortica do its research?","content":{"childrenMarkdownRemark":[{"html":"Our research hubs are Cortica Marin in Northern California and Cortica Glendale in Southern California. Depending on the study, some visits can happen by phone or video, but families cannot take part fully from home.
"}]}},{"id":"8efc357e-91dc-588f-9253-cb7e3b33ce5f","accordionHeading":"Does it cost anything to take part in a study?","content":{"childrenMarkdownRemark":[{"html":"No. Medical visits and medications in the context of research are provided to families at no cost. Families are also paid for their time and travel, and travel support is available for families who live farther away. Each study page lists its own details.
"}]}},{"id":"dac98b33-f5bb-5979-b9bc-e3fe85ea0091","accordionHeading":"Does my child need to be a Cortica patient to join a study?","content":{"childrenMarkdownRemark":[{"html":"No. All of our studies are open to children who are not Cortica patients. Each study page lists who can take part, and our research team can tell you whether your child may qualify.
"}]}},{"id":"8bcbbb01-a27a-56e7-b7e1-8088d5c09f9a","accordionHeading":"How do I find out if my child can join a study?","content":{"childrenMarkdownRemark":[{"html":"Fill out our Research Interest Form. A member of our research team will review it and contact you about studies that may be a fit.
"}]}},{"id":"7a8a39dc-6eab-5022-982d-0712551f5754","accordionHeading":"How does research shape the care my child receives?","content":{"childrenMarkdownRemark":[{"html":"What we learn from research informs our Whole Child model, so children benefit from the latest breakthroughs in therapy and medical care. Cortica is one of the few autism care organizations with outcomes published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Read our clinical outcomes studies.
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